% These figures are for the nominal generation capacity of the various installations. % Many are described in People, Politics and Power Stations, but recourse was made to whichever source %offered details. Unfortunately, these details are not entirely specific. A prime mover may capture energy %from a particular source such as steam or water pressure and its associated flow with some level of efficiency, %and that energy is converted into electrical power in a generator also not with perfect efficiency. %The generator itself usually consumes some power in its operation (as for field coils) and this may not %be regarded as detracting from its conversion efficiency. Even so, generators usually lose only a few percent %in the conversion, so many sources do not bother to distinguish between the power of the prime mover and the %power emerging from the generator, but yes, the two devices may not be closely matched. Thus, a large generator %might be driven by an underpowered prime mover; if so the lesser capacity is the limit. As a further source %of confusion, the generator's output voltage will be stepped up by transformers, and their rating may be %a limiting factor, or may incorrectly be quoted as the generator's rating. This should be taken as the result %"at the generator terminals" and thus before any such losses. And finally, the transmission line taking power %away might be the limiting factor on the power received by the outside world... % Pelton wheels usually manage to capture about 80%, while Francis turbines should better 90% efficiency %with draught tubes, though I don't know of any attempts to capture the twirl energy of the emerging water. %Kaplan turbines are more like propellors, and are used for the lowest head. They are expensive to design and %manufacture (they have moveable blades) but can better 90% efficiency. A Turgo turbine is midway between %a Pelton and a Francis turbine, and I don't know their likely efficiencies. % For wind turbines there is argument as to what portion of the flow is a participant since air passing just %outside the blade tip's arc is also involved in the process so the swept area is not a proper absolute. Say 60%. % For heat engines, the energy capture depends on the temperature difference between the inlet and outlet, %with only about a third of the heat energy being diverted. Low-temperature sources, such as geothermal steam %enable only painfully low efficiencies, so that the exhaust heat should have some auxiliary use. %Higher thermal efficiencies are possible, but only at the cost of much greater complexity in expensive equipment. %And fuel is cheap. A second-stage turbine run off lower-temperature working fluid and its generator costs about %as much as a second high-temperature turbine (and the same generator) which at the price of twice as much fuel, %delivers more power. That is, the second-stage system typically generates less power than the first stage system. %In still other words, two lots of turbine&generator with one lot of fuel delivers somewhat less power than %two lots of turbine&generator with two lots of fuel. % Geothermal power stations usually have complex pumping requirements consuming a lot of power; it is often %unclear whether a stated capacity is a gross generation (the capacity of the actual generator at its terminals), %or the nett capacity (remaining after the internal usage has been taken) that is sent to the outside world. % Whatever the capacity of a generator, power from it may be used mostly or entirely within the organisation %generating it, and what emerges from the shed may go to a local grid with some slopover to the national grid. %Any answer to the question "what is the total generation capacity?" becomes verbose. % % Whatever the nominal rating of the generator, they can be overrun, say by 10% though with various consequences. %They can also be underpowered. Deviation from the design power reduces efficiency. And as time wears on, so do %their parts and this wear is unlikely to increase output or efficiency. Equipment can be refurbished, or replaced. %Details here are also lacking. For wind farms, it appears that the nominal collective rating is unlikely to be %attained, presumably because when the laggard turbines start running at full power, the leaders start dodging %overload. Initial appreciations suggest that the actual maximum delivery from a wind farm is about ten percent %below the summation of the nominal capacities of the constituent turbines. Contrariwise, it appears common to run %a wind turbine at as much as double capacity for a few minutes, as during a wind gust. Whether the turbines %of a wind farm are controlled collectively to stabilise their nett output is another unanswered question. %There is also the possibility that after initial construction, there will always be one or two turbines u/s. % % An established power station may be fully functional, but, it may be too expensive to run compared to others, %and its energy source may be lacking. No power station can be run at full power full time all year. %Geothermal power stations come close (though there is likely to be a falloff in warm weather) but even %so there will be shutdowns for maintenance during a year. The key is that the fuel is "free". A hydro power %station could (as there is little wear) and its fuel is also free, but it is usual to install more generation %than could be supplied by the average inflow because the added cost of one more generator is relatively small %and the electric power demand does vary. Their generation varies according to the level of the reservoir %(if there is one) - that is, the available head, which may depend on the tailrace also as at Manapouri. % For coal-fired power stations there may be a shortage of coal, for oil-fired stations the price of oil %may cause pain, for wind turbines the wind may not blow, etc. % % Although this scheme could encompass information as to scheduled outages for maintenance and the return to %service (as not to the announced schedule for Huntly, one year...), and as well, surprise outages due to %malfunction, or major droughts, etc. information as to actual dates is not to hand, so the nominal capacity %might be present, but, it may not be available for actual use. % % Notable power cuts include: % NI: 20% March-August 1946, 20% March-May 1947, ~15% March-May 1948. % SI 30% June-August 1947, 20% July-October 1953. % The Auckland Electric Power Board threatened a fine of two hundred pounds (about a year's income) or a year %in prison for anyone caught taking a hot bath outside of the times permitted by the Board, and achieved a 22% %reduction in the peak: there was no report of any incarcerations of the overwashed. % Droughts in 1973 and 1973 led to rationing. "Save power, shower with a friend". % Electricity tariffs started simply, based on the number and type of electrical equipment connected, thus the %initial Reefton deal of three pounds per year per lightbulb. There was propaganda to encourage conversion to %other uses of electricity to build demand (average rise of 22% per annum, over 1926 to 1931!) and then scrabbling %to build generation capacity for the next round. Electricity meters started being used, and also load control, %once it was realised that hot water cylinders could be heated overnight rather than at the whim of its thermostat %with everyone coming home in the evening at about the same time. This was especially encouraged by the wholesale %tariff to the supply authorities whereby the charge was based entirely on the peak consumption rates, not at all %on the total energy delivered during the year. % % As well as the vagueness over capacities, there is also vagueness over dates (even more so with times) %so the scheme is to allow a year, a month/year, or a day/month/year to be given. Middle times will be taken. Step Time,+-Difference Nominal.Hydro.Bullendale Head 185' First industrial supply in N.Z. that left the building. For the quartz stamping battery via the first (low voltage) DC link. 3/2/1886 50 Trial run. Two 50HP Pelton wheels drove two DC generators at 750RPM to give ~70HP. 1/1887 0 Breakdown. 6/1887 60 I'll guess just a few months. Solid aron armatures replaced by laminated, so I'll allow for more oomph.. 1907 . Mined out. Nominal.Hydro.Reefton Head 27' Reefton: first public supply in N.Z. 1/8/1888@7pm 20 First demonstration of the first power station in N.Z. for the purposes of public supply. 30 and 110V DC Crompton dynamo. 1901 46 New 220V Fynn dynamo, part-driven by an added steam engine salvaged from a wreck at Greymouth. 1908 80 A 110HP Boving horizontal turbine replaced the 70HP Rafel turbine. 1911 0 Power house destroyed by fire! 1911 100 230V DC Lawrence Scott dynamo. 1949 . Reefton was connected to the national grid. Nominal.Thermal.Reefton Steam power to support the Reefton hydro power scheme. 1901 16 Guessed capacity of the auxiliary steam engine. A second boiler in 1920 (?) Inspection had shown 208V at the power house, 134V at the far end of distribution. 1920 75 GEC dynamo. a 25HP Davey Paxman horizontal engine, a 20HP Marshall horizontal engine. 1949 . In 1930 a standby diesel engine. Details lacking! Nominal.Hydro.Wellington.PanamaStreet Head ~100'? Water main supply, discharge to the harbour.. 6/1889 30 Water mains supplied (at no charge) two 30HP "vortex" turbines driving a 15KW Gulcher single phase AC generator at 100V and 80cps. What happened to the extra HP? 1891 +110 Three 50HP turbines driving five generators were installed on the closure of the Manners Street station Nominal.Hydro.Wellington.MannersStreet Head ~100'? Water main supply, discharge to the Te Aro stream.. 6/1889 30 Water mains supplied two 30HP "vortex" turbines driving a 15KW Gulcher single phase AC generator at 100V and 80cps. 1891 . The company entered into liquidation and reappeared as NZ Electrical Syndicate, starting a new station at Harris Street.. Nominal.Hydro.Mataura Head 20' Southland Frozen Meat company, and Mataura Paper Mill. 1890 200 A 500HP turbine for the ammonia refrigeration plant, plus... electric generation. 1893 +100 A 310HP turbine by the Mataura Paper Mill on the other side of the river... Guessed apportioning. %In 1894 Gore's first street light (near the flour mill), powered from Mataura. %In 1904 excess power was supplied to Gore township (but not Mataura, until Saturday the 5'th of October 2012) to help meet increased demand. 29/ 3/1913@5am 0 Flood! Even beyond that of 1878! 4/1913 300 I'll guess resumption. 1932 0 The company's system was disconnected from public supply as a different voltage/frequency standard for public supply had been settled upon. 1950 1600 Damnit, the hydro opportunity remained. Rather than have no generation, I'll guess 1950 for expanded generation and resumption of part public supply. %In 2000 the story is 800KW run by "Alliance Group" meat works, and the paper mill has 800KW, plus 1875KW steam turbine, disused. Dates would be good. The paper mill closed in 200, but its hydro generation continued. Nominal.Hydro.Mokopeka Supplied John Chamber's farm (homestead, workshop and shearing shed) plus a neighbour, so that'll do as "public supply". 21/9/1892 8 14HP Vector turbine, second-hand (St. Pancras station) 8KW 110V DC dynamo. 1926 17 Imported a new turbine and generator. The original dynamo was converted into a motor for a water pump. Nominal.Thermal.Wellington.HarrisStreet Mostly covered by the city library. 1893 325 Four steam engines for 75KW generators, plus another steam engine for 25KW. Single phase AC at 80cps and 2,000V stepped down to 105 for customers. 1906 1725 1907 +200 Confusion. Council takeover (compulsory), the four steam piston engines replaced by a 500KW Curtis vertical steam turbine. 1909 1500 New plant. Parsons turbo-alternator. 1914 +1500 A second Parsons turbo-alternator. 1919 +500 The Curtis turbine was revived for assistance with the winter peak. 1924 . % 1896 Pelton wheel, 110V dynamo for the Roxburgh Amalgamated Mining and Sluicing Company, Roxburgh East. Two 3,000 candlepower arc lights. % 1894, Gore. Electric lighting for public use from a private coal-fired power station. Nominal.Hydro.Stratford Head 12', tunnel across the neck of a hairpin bend. 1898 90 Single phase AC at 2200V, town supply was 105V. 1927 . Connection to the national grid, with conversion to the national voltage. Nominal.Hydro.OkereFalls Head 14' Rotorua tourism lighting, and sewage pumps. 5/1901 100 Two Waverly horizontal turbines, AC single phase. 1908 200 Confusion over 1907 increase to 97KW, 105 in 1908. Added another 100KW generator in 1908. 9/1939 . Disuse in 1936, dismantled in 1941. Had been used for the evening peak since Arapuni started in 1929, but ran full time during the Arapuni closedown 1930-1932. % 1901-2 Teviot station (domestic power), sold to an orchardist in 1916. Nominal.Hydro.Earnscleugh Earnscleugh No. 3 Dredging and Electric Power Company 1901 140 Unclear source of water pressure, as the pipeline scheme was constructed in 1951. 1925 . The dredge was dismantled and carried over the Carrick range (!) to the upper Nevis river. Nominal.Thermal.Auckland.Hobson Hobson Street power station for the Tramways (mercury rectifier for DC), plus a requirement for Queen Street lighting. Waste heat to the 1914 Tepid Baths. Co-generation is not just a modern idea! 17/11/1902 2000 Two chimneys, so I'll guess this. It's nice to have a specific date, but a specific power as well would be even better. 1920 . Generation ceased in favour of King's Wharf. The Tepid Baths seem to have continued receiving warmed water until the power station closed in 1924. %Except that in 1920 disputes in the coal industry curtailed coal supplies, and the trams didn't run: 31'st January - 13'th February, 25'th September - 11'th October, this second stopping coal gas production also, 30'th September - 14'th October. Nominal.Hydro.Normanby Head 60' Dam plus tunnel across the neck of a second-order meander of the Waingongoro river. 1903 590 Three turbines. 1967 . Abandoned after a flood. In 2008, thoughts of revival by Normanby Power Generators Ltd., but objection by "dam droppers". Nominal.Thermal.Christchurch.Armargh Armargh Street Rubbish Destructor, then added coal. 1903 200 Two steam engines each driving a 100KW generator. 1905 +150 Added a boilerhouse with coal firing. In 1907 construction began on the Municipal Tepid Baths, to be warmed by waste heat. 1910 +400 Another coal-fired boiler to supply two 200KW generators. Nominal.Thermal.Wellington.JervoisQuay Tramways' supply, then street lighting. 1904 1050 Four steam-driven DC generators for the trams 1905 +220 two AC generators for lighting. 1910 3000 Three more steam-powered generators. 1921 +1000 Eases the problems with tram overload. 1924 . Mangahao power arrives in Wellington. Nominal.Thermal.Christchurch.FalsgraveStreet Tramways' Supply. 1905 1000 Two steam turbines, the first such usage in N.Z. 1907 +500 1910 +1000 1960 . I'll guess a date. Nominal.Thermal.Waihi Grand Junction mine, Waihi. Additional generation via a Pelton wheel, steam engines, and coal-gas. 1905 1300 Three 580HP steam turbines directly connected to Brown Boveri three-phase AC generators, mostly for pumping and winding. Nominal.Hydro.Mangamahoe Head 210'? The Mangorei river is downstream and has no connection. 19/1/1906 200 Guessed capacity of the original station. 1931 4600 Large earth dam, diversions, etc. 3×1·3MW plus ·7MW Nominal.Hydro.TeAroha Head 500', though the map rather suggests ~900'. 4/1906 75 Pelton wheel. 1976 . Demolished. There had been multiple upgrades, until relegation once Arapuni power became available in 1923. Nominal.Hydro.Waipori Dunedin City Council won the squabble. Construction began in 1903. 27/04/1907 2000 Pelton wheels. Head 665' 1910 +2000 1913 +2000 Reticulation now included the Taiere plains. 1931 +2000 New dam at Mahinerangi submerges previous dam. It becomes power station 1 but is only 67' high of the intended 110'. The first power station is renamed number 2. 1946 +1000 The Mahinerangi dam was raised to 110', so I'll guess that this marked the full 3MW capacity. 1953 +8000 Station 3, head 166' 1954 +8000 Station 4, head 186' 1967 -4000 Station 2 (that was the original station) ceases(?) 1968 +18000 Rebuilt as station 2A. 1975 +18000 Station 2A gains another. 1976 +18000 Station 2A gains again. 1982 -3000 Station 1 (that was the second station) at the base of the Mahinerangi dam ceases (?) 1983 +10000 Becomes station 1A. Nominal.Thermal.Ashburton Steam tractor engine, Craddock & Company. 1908 30 220volts DC. 1924 . Substation built for connection to the national grid, so I'll say this quit. It may already have been superceded by other local generators, but no word on them so far seen. Nominal.Thermal.Auckland.FreemansBay Rubbish power ("Destructor"), soon supplemented by coal. 1908 450 Two Browett Lindley steam engines driving Westinghouse generators. The waste destructor was built in 1905 on fears of bubonic plague. 1913 . Power generation abandoned in favour of the new generation at King's Wharf. Rubbish desctruction continued. Nominal.Hydro.ArthursPass Head 710' from atop the Devil's Punchbowl falls. Used to power the construction of the Otira tunnel. 1/1909 374 Two pelton wheels, 600rpm, 550VDC. 1929 . Power house removed. Nominal.Hydro.Otira Head 750' from Holt's creek, flow abated by winter freezing and dry summers. 1/1909 433 two 275HP pelton wheels, 500V DC.. 1929 . I'll guess about the same time as for the Arthur's pass end. Nominal.Thermal.Otira DC power for the electric trains running through the Otira tunnel (1:33 grade). Though rated at 2400KW, frequently run at 125% for half an hour: train transit time of ~28 minutes. 4/ 8/1923 2400 Two 1200KW geared turbogenerators, 1,650VDC. I'll guess the opening date, though the power station was early. 1941 . Replaced by connection to the national grid, mercury arc rectifier at Otira substation. In 1997 the electric haulage was abandooned in favour of larger diesel locomotives and fume extraction. Nominal.Hydro.Kaniere.KaniereForks Head ~250' Conversion of goldminer's works. 8/9/1909 700 Two 350KW three phase 60cps AC generators at 60cps driven by two 500HP Pelton wheels at 300rpm. 10/1931 520 Conversion to 50cps, thus allowing synchronisation with power from McKay's Creek. 1973 0 Collapse of the Johnson's flume. 1974 520 Better dates would be better. 6/1979 0 Fire! The generators had to be rewound. A rat chewing at cables was suspected. 1/1980 520 Guess dates. (Six months outage) 6/1981 0 Fire again!! This time the machines had overheated. 1/1982 520 Guessed recovery. Nominal.Hydro.Mangaweka Head 30' Part of the water & sewage system. 1911 25 1937 . Nominal.Hydro.Brightwater Head ~30'? Farmer Robert Ellis gained a licence for the Waimea Electric Supply & Manufacturing Company. 1911 250 Water wheel for a flour mill! A second generator downriver produced 150KW of that, but was run only in the evening, Mr. Bloomfield starting it. 1945 . Ceased when the Cobb station started. Nominal.Hydro.Akaroa Head 295' 11/9/1911 37 50HP Pelton wheel. 1955 . %1912, Napier, diesel, but no indication of capacity. In "Faraday Centre", now a museum. Nominal.Thermal.Auckland.KingsWharf Public supply, surplus to the tramways. 1913 3300 Four Belliss & Morcom steam engines. 1920 10410 Four additional units were ordered by 1915, but political distractions delayed completion to 1920. 1922 +1000 Additional three units in 1922-1923. 1923 +2000 So I'll take them as being 1MW each. 1925 +1000 Another unit. Power from Horohoro reaches Auckland. 1928 22500 Apparently 18MW AC and 4·5MW DC. 3/1930 0 Superceded by supply from Horahora and new supply from Arapuni. Reverts to "standby". 6/1930 26000 Cracks at Arapuni! Revival, to operate at overload. 2/1931 +15000 New turbine. Presumably additional, not replacement. 1942 27000 DC generators disposed of on government purchase. 11/1952 0 Maraetai available, closedown for a full refit. 1955 27000 Usage faltered after 1960. 1968 . Nominal.Hydro.Waikato.Horahora Head 27' Waihi Mining. First transmission line. 10/1913 63000 Six horizontal Francis turbine. Or maybe, commissioned in early February 1914, with power reaching Waihi mines on the 8;th of April. 1926 +21000 Two additional generators. Now under government control, first transmission to Auckland. 6/4/1947 . Drowned, still turning, by Lake Karapiro. Nominal.Hydro.Hautapu Head 500' small wier then a tunnel. 1913 1000 1965 . Some time in the sixties. Nominal.Hydro.Coleridge Head 490' To Christchurch. 25/11/1914 4500 Three horizontal Francis turbines. Plans for six. 1917 +1500 A fourth added. 3/1922 +1500 A fifth. Ordered during WW1, but there was no steel available for the penstock. 1/1923 +1500 But consumption growth and overload again in a year. 1926 +15000 Two 7500KW turbines in an extended power house, fed by a new tunnel and set of penstocks. 1930 +7500 Another turbine. Adds up to 31500KW but the 1981 Annual Statistics shows 34500KW. 5/1977 0 Construction of the Wilberforce diversion was an opportunity to reline the tunnels and refurbish the generators, etc. 11/1977 34500 Resumption, at the same power level? 2000 39000 Upgrades of the larger turbines, retirement of the lesser turbines, at some date and with some result. Nominal.Hydro.OmanawaFalls Head 100' Underground power house. 2/10/1915 180 Two 120 HP turbines. 11/1921 650 Addition of a turbine from a mining battery at Karangahake to drive a 650KW turbine. Head increased to 110', power house enlarged. % 1974 160 Power reduced "to allow some water to supply bigger generating plants that were built" (http://econtent.tauranga.govt.nz/data/documents/plans/reserve_management/omanawa/omanawa_falls.pdf), a puzzle, as the generator didn't consume water. %Possibly, this refers to water being diverted to the Kaimai scheme, and thus reducing the flow over the Omanawa falls. 4/1985 0 Cotton insulation on the winding failed! I'll guess the months. 6/1985 650 And guess a month to repair. 29/ 7/1998 0 Decommissioned. Reduced capacity since the 1974 Omanawa weir that diverted flow to lake Mangaonui and the new stations. 11/2008 200 Revived! The generator was unsalvageable, but the Escher Wyss turbine was good. Lesser power level to keep the falls fullish. Nominal.Hydro.Kaponga Head ~20`? Long before the natural gas well at Kapuni. 29/5/1916 45 Town supply of 230V DC. 1925 +120 Second powerhouse, three phase AC at 50 cps. 7/1944 . Takeover by the Taranaki Electric Power Board. Nominal.Hydro.Thames Head ~50' at a guess. 1916 100 Dusk to midnight, and two hours on Tuesday afternoons. 1946 . Abandoned. And who knows what happened to the U-boat diesel engine. Nominal.Hydro.WairuaFalls Head ~100' Northland. 1916 2000 Commissioned by the Dominion Portland Cement Company. 1995 5000 % 6/2007 Fourth generator. Three 1·2MW Francis turbines. Vagueness. Nominal.Hydro.Raetihi Head ~260' Hidden in a ravine. 1920 500 Possibly still earlier than the 1920's. Nominal.Hydro.SixMileCreek Head ~40' Conversion of a goldminer's water race. 1/1922 80 1975 . Nominal.Hydro.Karaponga Head ~30 feet. Guesswork: the dam is 18'5" 29/11/1922 240 Pelton wheel. 1929 500 Sheer guesswork. "An additional generator", the dam raised by 15". 1936 250 More guessing. The first generator was in poor condition, and bulk power was available from th Bay of Plenty Power Board. 11/1939 . Less trouble to take supply from the national grid. 1996 500 Revived, using the dam but new pipeline and generator. 9/2010 0 Penstocks imploded! Nominal.Hydro.Kourarau Two power stations and pipes not shown on the topographic maps. 20/12/1923 700 Twin disc Boving Pelton wheel. 430' head. 235 customers. 12/1924 0 Power house drowned by a flood! 1/1925 700 Said to be revived in a month. In 1926 the power station was raised about six feet to avoid repetition. Presumably not while it was running. 1925 +250 Upstream, an added power station. 289' head. 4/2005 -700 Station A again flooded. 10/2005 +700 Wiararapa Times-Age 31'st August reports all has been repaired, but the decision to reactivate may take a few months more. Concrete blocks added to defend the power house. 8/2006 0 Cracks in the upper station's penstock, water coming down the hillside... 10/2006 950 I'll guess two months. Nominal.Hydro.Opunake Head ~60' 11/9/1923 300 Guessed capacity. 23/4/1996 365 Seeing as this is a reported capacity for a new turbine for the same scheme. Nominal.Thermal.Nelson Wakefield Quay. 10/1923 500 Two engines. 1929 +750 Supply at 3,300V. 1964 . Supply from Cobb (11KV) in 1944 reduced usage. Quit in 1964. Nominal.Hydro.Waikaremoana.Tuai Head 675' From a small lake at the outlet from Kaitawa. 12/1922 700 Two Pelton wheels at Tuai, the project initiated by the Wairoa Power Board. 1924 +1000 Guessed date of the addition of a 1MW pelton wheel, from Waipori. %Or is this the two 500KW Pelton wheels, each driving a DC and a 400V AC generator as salvaged by Bryan Leyland for his Onekaka project? 2/1929 +16000 Horizontal Francis turbine. State Hydro commissions the first generator in a hurry, as Mangahao is now overloaded. 6/1929 +16000 Second turbine. 1930 -1700 I'll guess that the initial equipment is no longer for the grid, only in-station use. 1939 +20000 Added a third penstock and turbine. Nominal.Hydro.Waikaremoana.Piripaua Head 370' From a small lake at the outlet from Tuai. 1943 20000 First turbine at Piripaua. 1944 +20000 Second turbine at Piripaua. 2010 +5000 Guessed date for "recently": upgrade of Piripaua from 20MW to 22·5MW turbines. Nominal.Hydro.Waikaremoana.Kaitawa Head 433' Lake Waikaremoana provides substantial storage compared to the water flow. 4/1948 16000 First turbine at Kaitawa. 10/1948 +16000 Second turbine at Kaitawa. 1989 +8000 Kaitawa turbines refurbished: uprated from 16 to 20MW. Vibration problems resist suppression. Nominal.Thermal.EvansBay Warm water was appreciated by swimmers, and fishers. 1924 5000 Metropolitan Vickers turbo-alternator, fed steam by two Babcock & Wilcox marine style boilers. 1925 +1000 The DC turbine from Jervois Quay. 1925 +3000 The two turbo-alternators from Harris Street (closed in 1925). Conversion to 50cps 230V 1925-1932. 1936 +15000 A turbo-alternator fed from two rapid-start oil-fired Velox bouilers. Full pressure in five minutes. 1943 -15000 Mostly out of commission, so this'll do as a guess. 1944 +15000 Guessed resumption. 1968 . Closedown. Used occasionally for peaks from 1959, standby after Maraetai was commissioned in 1952 though resurgence in 1955. Nominal.Hydro.Teviot.George Head 385' Multiple power stations along the Teviot river, starting with George. 27/3/1924 250 Francis turbines. Two 125KW generators from the Ladysmith Mining Company. Generation and distribution at 3,300V. Installed 21'st, official opening 27'th. 25/11/1926 +500 Francis turbine added. 1/1966 -250 The original two 125KW machines removed. Guessed month. 2/1966 +500 Replaced by a single Gilkes Impulse Turgo turbine. Guessed month. 2002 1000 Two 500KW generators replaced by one 1MW. Jyoti/Turgo turbine. Nominal.Hydro.Piriaka Head 27' 1924 1600 1971 +600 Second power house. Nominal.Hydro.OneMileCreek Head 580' Dam on One Mile Creek above lake Wakatipu near Queenstown. 18/9/1924 60 Boving Pelton wheel, later supplemented by a diesel, somewhere. 12/1966 . Bought by the Central Otago Electric Power Board in 1944, closed in 1966 with the water being taken for town supply.. Nominal.Thermal.PalmerstonNorth The Palmerston North City Council for the Municipal Electricity Department. 12/11/1924 1000 Three 450HP coal gas engines. Official opening. Trial runs started in February. 1936 +2500 Two 1400HP diesel engines. 1954 -1000 The gas engines were scrapped. 1999 . Disconnection, though the station is still functional and is operated as a display. Nominal.Hydro.Monowai Head 154' 1/5/1925 4000 Two Francis twin turbines. 1927 +2000 A third. This was the start of the downfall of the Southland Power Board: bulk supply only to Invercargill and Bluff. 2005 +600 Refurbishment of turbines, from 2000KW to 2600KW. There should be an off/on step, but no specific dates are to hand. 2006 +600 Second turbine refurbished. 2007 7800 Refurbishment to three 2·6MW turbines, one each installed in 2005, 2006, and 2007. The second generator, and the third set went to Clearwater Hydro (Tauranga), another (or one of?) was sent to a station near Waitomo. (where?) Nominal.Hydro.McLarenFalls Head 85' 25/6/1925 1400 9/1925 +1400 Second generator. 1989 . Decomissioned. Superceded by the 1983 repaired canal to Ruahihi. Nominal.Hydro.Wairere Head 65' King Country, not by Whakatane. 1925 1000 One turbine. 1938 +3000 Three more. Assorted sizes and dates 1938, 1952, 1981. Nominal.Hydro.Mangahao Head 896' 3/11/1924 19200 Pelton wheels. 3×4800KW + 2×2400KW. 4/1994 0 Refurbishment: two penstocks combined into one. 6/1994 38000 The three Pelton wheels replaced by one Francis turbine of 26MW, and the two pelton wheels had their generators rewound, to give 6MW each. 2004 +4000 A "mini hydro" addition. Nominal.Hydro.Motukawa Head 325' 9/1/1927 3000 Guessed starting capacity with two turbines. 1938 4500 Third turbine added. %In 1970 the 4' diameter penstock was replaced by 5'3" to increase capacity. By how much? 2/2006 +200 A fair way upstream, a turbine was added in the water race to lake Ratipiko; this might as well be counted as a part of Motukawa. Nominal.Hydro.Kumara Head 255' 1928 6500 Nominal.Hydro.Dillmans Head 150' 1928 3500 Nominal.Hydro.Duffers Head 40' 1928 500 Nominal.Hydro.Nevis The gold dredge's hydro power came from a power house on the nearby hillside. 1928 140 Ex-Earnscleugh dredge reactivated, though with problems in the frozen depths of winter. 1934 . Converted to diesel. Nominal.Hydro.Waihopai Head 95' No storage: just a pond, soon filled (as expected) with gravel. 6/4/1927 1000 Two turbines. 1939 100 Summer drought and winter freeze. 1940 1000 Nominal resumption, though every winter the freezing ground means scant river runoff. 1996 2400 One turbine replaced by a 2000KW turbine; nominal total now 2400KW. Nominal.Hydro.Waikato.Arapuni Head 175' 4/6/1929 15000 Early start before the power house was finished, Auckland being needy. 9/1929 +15000 But one of these vibrated badly and had to be run at lower load. 12/1929 +15000 On the offer of supplying Auckland's full load, the King's Wharf station was closed. But... 7/6/1930 0 Seepage. Leakage. Cracks! Voids! Ground movement! EMERGENCY! Criticism! Censorship! Denials! Desperate recourse to all other available generation! 4/3/1932 45000 The bypass channel (above the powerhouse) lined to prevent water entry that weakened the rock, etc. 5/1932 +15000 Fourth and final turbine of the initial plan. 2/1938 +43200 Extensions to the power house approved in 1933 for two more turbines, of 21600KW each. 6/1943 -15000 One of the turbines broke down. A dry year in the South Island as well. 8/1943 +15000 I'll guess it took two months. 1945 +21600 Ordered in 1939, but delayed by political distractions. 1946 +21600 A fourth larger turbine of the second set. 4/1947 -60000 The first four turbines were refurbished, though exactly when is unclear. 1947 +71400 And uprated from 15000KW to 17850KW. %Refurbishment of the first four turbines in 1989-1990 but no idea of capacity change. %Downrating of the second four in 1990, replacement in 2002. Nominal.Hydro.WyeCreek Head ~1380' 1929 400 10/1991 +1000 Refit. From the lower Roaring Meg station. 16/12/2008@8:20am 0 Turbine failure (seized generator?) - the water blast wrecked the station. 2010 1000 Guessed date. Apparently, the failed turbine has been repaired, and the original unfailed turbine abandoned. Nominal.Hydro.Pupu Head 300' Conversion of a goldminer's water race. 10/1929 700 1981 . A "flashover" ruined the generator. 1987 250 Revived by the Pupu Hydro Society. Possibly 1988. It would be nice to have a specific date. Nominal.Hydro.Onekaka Head 690' Originally a part of the Onakaka ironworks, then revived by Brian Leyland, et al. 1930 350 Boving Pelton wheel. In 1929 a pipe foundry was begun at the Onakaka 1920's iron works, though its pipe was not used for the penstocks. Presumably, most if not all was used internally, until mining ceased in 1935. 1954 . The Golden Bay EPB took over in 1937, then removed the equipment in 1954, which went to the Solomon Islands. 1/11/2003 400 Starts with the month? First pelton wheel; output limited by the 11KV connection, enhanced by nearby load during milking time. 24/4/2004 940 Upgrade to 33KV connection to Motupipi, full power can now be pushed forth. Nominal.Hydro.Kerikeri Head ~100' 11/ 6/1930 200 1967 . Nominal.Thermal.Springlands Supplements Waihopai when the ground is frozen and little water flows. 7/1930 428 Six-cylinder diesel, 630HP. 1937 +900 Harland&Wolff diesel, 1300HP. 23/6/1992 . Last recorded generation on the 22'nd. Disconnected 30/7/2003 due to suspect switchgear, but remains capable and runs as an exhibit. Nominal.Hydro.Kaniere.McKaysCreek Head ~180' Conversion of a gold-mining project. 1931 1100 Nominal.Thermal.Lyttelton Four U-boat diesels, world war one reparations. 1931 1280 Taking as exemplar a M.A.N diesel of 430HP, running at 375rpm. 10/1938 . Moved to Dobson. Nominal.Hydro.Arnold Head 36', later 42' Main storage is in Lake Brunner. 9/1932 2500 Two variable-pitch Kaplan turbines. 2/1938 3000 Purchased by the government, the spillway altered to raise the head from 36' to 42' so I'll put the previous rating as pro-rata. Nominal.Hydro.Brooklyn Head 960' Brooklyn Hydro power. 1934 250 Pelton wheel. 1958 . Guessed abandonment, on the connection to the national grid. 2000 250 Guessed date of the revival. Nominal.Hydro.DawsonFalls Head 220' Dawson Falls Lodge. Mains electricity arrived in 1982. 30/6/1934 75 Pelton wheel. The 220V DC generator was built in 1896 and has travelled about. 21/2/1935 0 Flood! 5/7/1935 75 New power house, well above the river. Nominal.Hydro.Waitaki.Waitaki Head 70' 27/10/1934 30000 Two Francis turbines. Official opening at 66KV, 110KV available with 1935. 1940 +15000 1941 +15000 Fourth turbine. 5/1943 30000 Water shortages in winter. 10/1943 60000 Just for fun, following the reported variation. 1949 +15000 Fifth. Alas, there being almost no storage capacity, full power was available for a few hours at a go. 1954 +30000 Extension of the power house. Control works at lakes Pukaki and Tekapo (well upstream) enabled steadier operation. (Spring melt). 1998 -15000 Generator 3 "mothballed". Exactly when is unclear and the declaration is made in 2011. Apparently some significant repairs are required, and the operator prefers to dodge the expense and the peak power levy. %Feb 2013, a statement that refurbishment will include revival. But no suggestion of when. Nominal.Hydro.RoaringMeg.Lower Head 1000' 19/3/1936 1700 Two Pelton wheels drive two 850KW 6600V generators. 1989 3000 One generator (now deemed 1MW) replaced by a 2MW generator. 11/1999 0 Flood! The control equipment was ruined. 7/2000 3000 But the turbines and generators could be repaired. Nominal.Thermal.Mataura Mataura Paper Mill. Also has a share in the hydro generation. 5/1937 1500 Steam turbine, up to 100 tons of lignite a day. Cost 50,000 pounds. 1980 1875 I'll guess a date for the larger turbine in place when the mill closed. 2000 . Paper mill closes. Nominal.Thermal.Stoke Diesel engines, installed at the Stoke substation. 8/1937 250 Ruston diesel engine. 10/1937 +500 Second. 1941 900 Public Works Department report stated 900KW. 1948 2000 Four Petter diesels added for a total of 2000KW. I'll guess 1948. 1959 . One 1937 Ruston went to Karamea, four Petters diesels to Manapouri for interim supply, presumably to the community, not the power station to be. Nominal.Hydro.Tatare Head ~50'? Takeover of a gold-sluicing water race. 6/1938 150 Escher Wyss 220HP turbine, English Electric generator 315v 1982 . A slip damaged the power house, and as grid supply was available... Nominal.Thermal.Dobson Four WW1 U-boat diesels moved from Lyttelton. 10/1938 1280 Taking as exemplar a M.A.N diesel of 430HP, running at 375rpm. 1958 . Nominal.Thermal.Waipa Timber mill: wood waste. 1939 2000 Guessed capacity of the two fifty-five year old steam turbines that were replaced in 1986. 3/1986 3500 Guessed "early 1986". Replacement steam boiler of ~20MW. A second 20MW boiler in 1992, but no idea of generation. Nominal.Hydro.Cobb Head 1876' then 1950' after the earth dam of 107' replaced the weir and its ad-hoc extensions. Highest head in N.Z. with the water jet emerging at about a third of the speed of sound. %There has been some excitement over two sink holes in the earth dam, noticed summer 2006/7 but they are small, dry, and appear inactive... 23/ 5/1944@3pm 3000 Trial generation, supplied to the Golden Bay Power Board via Motupipi substation. The power house had been completed in 1938, with the generators waiting in wrappings. 28/ 5/1944@4:40pm 9000 Three generators working. First transmission to the Stoke substation. 14/ 6/1944@1pm 12000 Four 3MW single-jet pelton wheels. Ceremony in the afternoon, with Cobb taking over from the Stoke diesel plant. Prices dropped to one penny per KWh. 17/12/1949@11pm 0 Old intake tunnel closed, as it was in the way of the new dam's spillway intake. 18/12/1949@5pm 12000 Temporary intake connected to the long tunnel through the hill. 1950 13000 Run on overload. 1/1953 10000 Summer water shortage, again. Lake Cobb's exit had been blasted open, and Lake Sylvester sucked down to sludge. 3/1954 13000 A March deluge! Full power, then. 19/ 9/1954@6:20pm 10000 New penstock and generators start, the old overhauled. Two 10MW double-jet pelton wheels in an expanded powerhouse. An earth dam forming lake Cobb replaced the weir (with optional added sandbags). 20/ 9/1954@5:15pm +10000 Second new generator started. 2/1955 16000 Lack of water forced a 20% cut. 3/1955 32000 Another March deluge, but this time less fear of overtopping the dam under construction. 4/1955 25000 Run out of water already! 5/1955 32000 Some filling allowed, the lower lake backing to Lake Halley. The desperate need for power outran the ability to remove buildings before they were drowned! Final filling in October, 26/ 1/1968 0 Harry's mistake! Generator 1 was under maintenance, and the water valve was opened. The jet blasted through the powerhouse wall, wrecked the transformer yard and deflected from the cliff behind flew across the road to splinter two trees on the far side of the river. 27/ 1/1968@9:30pm 20000 Generators 5 and 6 back in service after much scrabbling. I'll guess that these are the two 10MW generators. 2/1968 32000 I'll guess all are back. 1/1975 0 Drought. Shutdown to keep silt out of the works! 3/1975 32000 I'll guess that March again refilled the lake. 16/11/1981@1:09am 0 Landslide! Carried away a section of both pipelines. 19/ 8/1982 20000 First two generators activated. All had absorbed moisture in the cool powerhouse... 20/ 8/1982 32000 Full power. Nominal.Hydro.Highbank Head 330' Tail end of the Rangitata irrigation scheme. 8/6/1945 25200 Nominal.Hydro.Waikato.Karapiro Head 100' 5/1947 30000 First Kaplan turbine. 9/1947 +30000 5/1948 +30000 Nominal.Hydro.RoaringMeg.Upper Head 450' Outfall to the intake for the lower Roaring Meg pipeline. 7/1947 250 Pelton. 1963 0 The generator failed. 1964 540 Guess date for the replacement, from the Fraser power scheme. 1991 +750 A new pipeline to supply a second set, using a Turgo turbine. Nominal.Hydro.Fraser Head 800' 1949 500 Temporary power station, but what supplied its energy? 2/1954 3000 Gilkes Turgo turbine. Though with a committment to supply half in summer time for irrigation pumps. The upstream Fraser dam's lake had been filled in September 1937. Nominal.Hydro.Waitaki.Tekapo Head 100' 6/1951 21400 Single Kaplan turbine. Low head of 100', and a working range of 25' with the lake raised 15'. 12/1953 25200 Raising of the lake by 15' completed. This is nominally full power at 100' head, the previous is a guess at 85/100. %Turbine failure in 1986, new Kaplan turbine of 31MW (42,000HP)? The turbine, but not the generator? %A monument showing the turbine blade has a plaque "Commissioned 1951, replaced 1985" http://www.flickr.com/photos/albertfreeman/7875307810/ 9/ 1/2013 0 Closedown as the canal to Pukaki is being repaired. 4/2013 252000 Estimated resumption of flow. Another outage is planned for next year. Nominal.Hydro.Hinemaiaia Multiple stations, small storage, swiftly silted. 1952 800 Station A. Head ~130' Supply to Taupo. 1966 +1300 Station B. Head ~100' 1982 +1200 Second pipeline and turbine added to station A. 1982 +2800 Station C. Head ~100' Nominal.Hydro.Clutha.Roxburgh Head 150' Small storage in a long narrow lake. 23/7/1956 80000 First two turbines. Official opening on the 3'rd of November. 12/1956 +80000 Last two of the first stage. Another four ordered. A dam completed in 1958 raised Lake Hawea by 60'. 4/1961 +40000 Guessed time of the first of the second batch. 8/1961 +40000 12/1961 +40000 4/1962 +40000 6/1962 +40000 Nominal.Hydro.Waikato.Maraetai Head 200' 31/10/1952 30000 Hurried generation commencement from three 36MW turbines, at half the design head with flow through the diversion tunnel continuing. 4/1953 52500 Head raised to 175' 5/9/1953 108000 Official opening, presumably with the design head of 200'. 1/1954 +36000 Fourth turbine. 4/1954 +36000 Last turbine of Maraetai's first stage. 10/6/1970 +72000 First two turbines of the second stage, after stop/start and reallocation of resources and dissension. 9/1970 +36000 Third. 11/1970 +36000 Forth. 2/1971 +36000 Fifth. All ten of both phases are rarely used together. Nominal.Hydro.Waikato.Whakamaru Head 124' 5/1956 50000 Two turbines, haste for the coming winter. 8/1956 +50000 Final two, later in the year, so I'll guess. Nominal.Hydro.Fox Head ~750' Drains lake Gault. 1958 700 Nominal.Thermal.Meremere Coal-fired, steam turbines at 865F, 640psi. Cooling from the Waikato. Standard design enabled swift construction. 13/8/1958 30000 First turbo-alternator, easing the usual winter power crisis. 10/1958 +30000 Second. The other four turbines were ready, but the boilers were not. 12/1958 +120000 I'll guess the rest were ready. 1967 +30000 A seventh set added. 3/1991 . Decommissioned. Nominal.Geothermal.Wairakei Geothermal steam supply has faltered, technique has improved, equipment shuffled about, auxiliary expansion. 13/11/1958 6500 First unit commissioned, so I'll guess one only. But intermittent operation due to testing and mishaps. 8/1959 20000 Mentioned in passing in a December 1960 paper by F.E. Studt and D. Doyle, Electric Power generation from geothermal steam at Wairakei, New Zealand. 5/1960 50000 All stage 1 units were active, but not fully powered. 1961 69000 Steady operation, high load factor in 1962, as hoped for. 1961 +11200 A 11200KW low-pressure generator from the pilot hot-water plant added as stage 1A. 1962 +22400 Two more 11200KW generators added to station A as stage 2. 10/1962 +30000 Guessed date for the first 30MW mixed-pressure generator of stage 2 for station B. 2/1963 +30000 Guessed date for the second. 10/1963 +30000 Third and last unit of stage 2. Already, the supply of high-pressure steam was faltering. 1965 173000 Peak value attained, of actual generation. 11/1982 157200 Derating of the once high-pressure supply to intermediate pressure, removal of HP turbines, miscellaneous changes. 2005 +14000 Addition of a low-temperature isopentane system. Nominal.Hydro.Waikato.Atiamuri Head 80' 17/11/1958 21000 First turbine, six months ahead of schedule. 6/12/1958 +21000 Second, early December. Power restrictions lifted for Christmas 1958. 2/1959 +21000 Third, early in the year. 1962 +21000 Fourth. Nominal.Geothermal.Kawerau Drilling began for the paper mill in late 1952, with steam supply since 1957 for process heat and electricity generation. Many bores, much piping. Subsequent power plants were outside the paper mill. 1960 10000 This may not have been the first electric power generation. Clear statements would help. 1980 39000 Guessed date. Miscellaneous generation within the timber mill. Nearly all is consumed internally. 1989 +2560 Two 1280KW isopentane turbines. TG1, also known as TOI for Tarawera ORMAT Installation. 1993 +3800 Two isopentane turbines running one generator. TG2. Also an "ORMAT" installation. 7/2008 +90000 Single turbine, high and low pressure steam. This is also outside the timber mill. 2/9/2008 +10000 After testing, re-rated to 100MW. 9/2008 +9000 Another ORMAT installation, adjacent to its well, KA24. Activity here seems secretive. 9/2009 -2000 Faltering supply and excessive pumice from well KA24 constrains its station. A replacement well is proposed. Nominal.Hydro.Wahapo Head ~90' Previously called Okarito Forks. 1960 2000 I'll guess that the original development was enlarged. 1990 3100 Redevelopment. Nominal.Thermal.Mangere Sewage treatment. All used internally, with heat recovery also. 1960 750 four mixed-fuel engines few sewage gas (~58% methane), 6% diesel ignition fuel. 2001 6800 four 1·7MW turbocharged 16 cylinder gas engines supplemented by about equal amounts of natural (non-modern sewage) gas, reduced to about a third in 2003 after fitting filters to block hydrogen sulphide and siloxane. Nominal.Hydro.Waikato.Ohakuri Head 115' 31/1/1961 112000 Four turbines. Nominal.Hydro.Waikato.Waipapa Head 53' 10/4/1961 51000 Three Kaplan turbines. Nominal.Hydro.Kuratau Head 210' 9/1962 6000 Two Boving horizontal Francis turbines. Nominal.Hydro.Mokauiti Head 140' 1963 1925 Two horizontal Francis turbines, 1295KW and 630KW. Nominal.Hydro.Waikato.Aratiatia Head 110' Minimal local lake. The main storage is via lake Taupo. 3/1964 30000 First turbine. 4/1964 +30000 Second. Because of the increased flow due to the Tongariro diversions, a third turbine was added to the design. 5/1964 +30000 Third turbine. This marked the end of the Waikato development. Nominal.Hydro.Waitaki.Benmore Head 300' Massive earth dam. 1/1965 90000 First turbine. 3/1965 +180000 Second and third. The joint opening with the Cook Strait cable link was on the 15'th of May. 10/1965 +90000 Fourth. 12/1965 +90000 Fifth. 5/1966 +90000 Last. 5/8/2008 -90000 G5 Appears to be a closedown for refurbishment. 5/11/2008 -90000 G6 That is, refurbishment has been announced, but without details. 12/ 1/2009 +100000 G5 revives after a hic on the 8'th. 26/ 1/2009 -90000 G2 sleeps. 26/ 3/2009 +100000 G6 revives after a burp on the 19'th. 10/ 6/2009 +100000 G2 revives after a hic on the 9'th. 29/ 6/2009 -90000 G4 sleeps. 2/11/2009 +100000 G4 revives after a hic on the 28'th October. 17/11/2009 -90000 G3 sleeps after a twitch on the 16'th. 12/ 4/2010 +100000 G3 revives after a hic on the 9'th. 26/ 4/2010 -90000 G1 sleeps. 14/ 9/2010 +100000 G1 revives after a hic on the 13'th. Possibly not to 100MW as 96 is the attained value in the data, and that is prior to the refurbishment... Nominal.HVDC.North.Pole1 High Voltage Direct Current transmission link, Benmore - Haywards, pole 1. 1/4/1965 300000 Single pole operation. Each line is run at ±250KV, up to 1200 amps. 2/1992 540000 Mercury valves reconfigured to run +270KV and 2000 amps, though 1600 is the preferred limit. 10/2004 386000 One Cook Strait cable failed, limiting the whole to 886MW; I'll finger pole 1 as suffering. 3/2005 540000 Repaired. Details would be good. 21/ 9/2007 0 Declared "stood down indefinitely" with fuss over mercury vapour possibly contaminating the country... 12/2007 270000 Revised as "warm standby", but one half of the parallel set of mercury valves were removed: half current presumably. Full current on the other? 1/ 7/2009 200000 Declared restrictions: only between 100 and 200MW, or presumably, zero. 11/11/2009@5am 0 Planned outage. 16/11/2009@5am 200000 Planned resumption. 1/8/2012@10:00 0 As per the words of Robbie Christillo (duty energy co-ordinator, Wellington): "It is with a heavy heart I issue this final instruction, 'Stop Pole One!'." Decommissioned, to be revived as pole "3". 3/2013 700000 Designed claim. 1,000MW for half an hour (Cook Strait cable insulation now solid plastic: no oil cooling) Nominal.HVDC.North.Pole2 High Voltage Direct Current transmission link, Benmore - Haywards, pole 2. 6/1965 300000 Third Cook Strait cable recovered and repaired in May 1965; both lines operational. 1993 700000 Mercury valves moved to pole 1 (for parallel use) and replaced by thyristors running -350KV. 1997 500000 Cook Strait cable problems. Fixed when? 1/ 7/2009 700000 Declared capacity. 11/11/2009@5am 0 Planned outage. 16/11/2009@5am 700000 Planned resumption. Nominal.HVDC.South.Pole1 High Voltage Direct Current transmission link, Haywards - Benmore, Pole 1. 1975 200000 1/ 7/2009 0 Declared incapable. 3/2013 700000 Designed claim. Nominal.HVDC.South.Pole2 High Voltage Direct Current transmission link, Haywards - Benmore, Pole 2. 1975 200000 1/ 7/2009 666000 An odd choice of current for this, chosen by Ranil DaSilva (prime suspect) for transpower's engineers. 11/11/2009@5am 0 Planned outage. 16/11/2009@5am 666000 Planned resumption. Nominal.Hydro.Matahina Head 200' 25/1/1967 36000 First turbine. 2/1967 0 Leakage discovered, subsidence... 3/1967 36000 Lake refilled, sometime. 4/1967 +36000 Second turbine commissioned. 12/1987 0 Decomissioned in December for repairs after the Edgecumbe earthquake of the second of March. 6/1988 72000 Back in service. 6/1996 0 Lake lowered, decommissioned for strengthening. 9/1998 72000 Back again, lake refilled. Nominal.Thermal.Marsden.A Heavy oil fired, steam at 1000F, 1,525psi, cooled by sea water. 5/1967 120000 First turbine declared commissioned at the end of June. 31/1/1968 +120000 Second turbine. In time for the low-flow winter of 1969. 1980 -120000 Guessed time of one turbine being put into storage. 1985 . Guessed cessation. Nominal.Thermal.Marsden.B More of the same, but collapsed in dissension. 3/1979 120000 Commissioning began. Guessed month. 6/1979 . Mothballed, never fully used. The price of oil had shrugged off inflation, and the economy faltered. Nominal.Hydro.Waitaki.Aviemore Head 122' 8/1968 110000 Two turbines. 2/1969 +55000 Third. 7/1969 +55000 Last. %Turbine replacement completed in 2000 with a 5% gain. Efficiency? Max. output from same flow? Nominal.Thermal.Otahuhu.A Gas turbines. At first from Kapuni, expensive deisel during peak times. Originally named Otara, from its site. 12/1968 45000 First. Stal-Laval industrial gas turbine, with intercoolers. Fresh water. 6/1969 +45000 Second. Salt water from the Otara creek for the rest. 8/1969 +90000 Last two of the Swedish turbines. The modern numbering is that these are turbines 3, 4, 5, 6 whereas the later two are numbered 1, 2. See http://www.learnz.co.nz/daily.asp?id=281 6/1977 +46750 Rolls-Royce Olympus aero engine feeding a Curtiss Wright power turbine. 12/1977 +45750 Second such, though full commissioning was delayed to 1978-9. 5/2004 . Cessation of generation. However, the generators (detached from the gas turbine) are still spun so as to mess with the voltage/current phase angle, and consume energy to do so. Nominal.Hydro.Glenorchy Head 210' Pipeline from the Ox Burn dam. 8/2/1969 400 Francis turbine. 1/1994 0 Very heavy rain caused floods and landslides. Detritus reached the roofline of the powerhouse. 12/1994 400 Guessed date of revival, with a concrete wall surrounding the powerhouse. Nominal.Hydro.Manapouri Head 580', slightly affected by the 7' tide at Deep Cove. 14/9/1969 200000 Two turbines. 10/1969 +200000 Two more, the first stage. 1979 590000 Three more. The seven 100MW turbines could not be run at full power because of unexpectedly high back pressure from the tailrace tunnel. 5/5/2002 840000 A second tailrace tunnel, and uprating of the turbines to 120MW. Nominal.Hydro.Teviot.TeviotBridge Head 300' 1972 1125 Nominal.Hydro.Mangapapa.Upper Head 497' Lloyd Mandeno. 2/9/1972 15600 Two turbines. Headworks were not fully completed until December 1976, so, no generation until then? Nominal.Hydro.Tokaanu Head 682' 7/1973 100000 Two turbines. Drought in 1973 revived urgency. 9/1973 +50000 Third. 3/1974 +50000 Forth. 1996 240000 Volcanic ash from the 1995 Mount Ruapehu eruption damaged the turbines. Refurbished to 60MW. Nominal.Thermal.NewPlymouth Oil, then gas-fired. Steam turbines, 1000°F, 1,800psi, three stages, cooled by sea water. 2/1974 120000 First turbine. 10/1974 +120000 Second. 1/1975 +120000 Guessed timing of the third. 3/1975 +120000 " fourth. 10/1976 +120000 More guesses. An explosion in one furnace in June 1976 prompted modifications to the design and procedures. 1997 -120000 ? Otahuhu B starts, unit 5 retracted to assuage Greenpeace troublemakers. 2002 -240000 Guessed timing of the withdrawal of two turbines. There may also have been a re-rating to 100MW each. 11/2007 0 Asbestos was "discovered", so the station was to be closed at once to deal with it. Asbestos would only be a problem when the station was dismantled, so, dismantle now! 6/2008 +120000 High prices during the subsequent (uncorrelated...) shortage: asbestos no longer insurmountable. 1/1/2009 0 Profit-taking ceases on lower prices. 2010 . I'll guess that deconstruction attains a state difficult to reverse afresh. Nominal.Thermal.Stratford.A Aero-derived Pratt&Whitney turbines, first fed Kapuni gas, later Maui and Waihapa gas. 12/1975 55000 First power in December. Commissioned February. 3/1976 +55000 6/1976 +110000 10/1998 . Off the books, according to Laurie Counsell. Nominal.Thermal.Whirinaki Aero-derived Pratt&Whitney turbines, fired by diesel. 11/1976 55000 First power. 3/1977 +55000 Guessed date for the second. 9/1977 +55000 Guessed date for the third. 12/1977 +55000 But fuel supply problems restrained full-power sustained use. 2001 . Deconstructed and bits sent to Oz. 1/6/2004 165000 Reconstructed, three 55MW diesel-fuelled gas turbines, as before. %But, on the other hand... %29/ 7/2003 155MW oil Pete Hodgson http://www.beehive.govt.nz/ViewDocument.aspx?DocumentID=17421 %25/ 3/2004 155MW oil and gas plant www.worldenergy.org/wecnz/R_Hemmingway03/RHemmingway%20Seminar.pdf - % 1/ 6/2004 155MW diesel Pete Hodgson http://www.beehive.govt.nz/ViewDocument.aspx?DocumentID=19901 % 5/10/2004 open cycle gas turbine Quasar Electronics http://qel.co.nz/index.cfm/Whats_New/Whirinaki.html % The [three pairs of gas turbine] generators can run on diesel fuel or gas (in the future), and under full load, the six engines consume over 10,000 gallons of diesel per hour. http://www.pwrm.com/solutions/case_studies/contact_energy/ % 6/12/2006 Oil-fired Nick Smith http://theyworkforyou.co.nz/portfolios/climate_change/2006/dec/06/o01 % 150MW Gas Turbine K. Turner http://www.esr.org.nz/events/even2005/RenewablesFuture.html %28/ 2/2007 fuel supply will be stored at two onsite tanks and two bulk storage tanks off-site http://www.electricitycommission.govt.nz/opdev/secsupply/sos/whirinaki/ % 2006 ... suppliers of diesel fuel www.treasury.govt.nz/budget2006/estimates/pdfs/est06ener.pdf Nominal.Hydro.Waitaki.Pukaki Head 480' 6/1977 160000 Two 80MW turbines, but 76-90MW depending on the height of lake Pukaki, varying ~45'. 9/ 1/2013 0 Proposed start of repairs and relining work on the canal was for the 14'th, but large inflows to lake Pukaki required a stop to water from the canal from lake Tekapo. 4/2013 160000 Estimated resumption of flow. Another outage is planned for next year. Nominal.Hydro.Waitaki.Ohau.A Head 190' 3/1979 264000 Four 66MW turbines. Water by canal from lake Pukaki and nearby, lake Ohau. 10/11/2009@8:00pm 0 Cease operation for canal draining, inspection, and repair. 17/11/2009@3:20pm 264000 Resumption. Nominal.Hydro.Mangapapa.Lower Head 105' 4/1979 6250 Two turbines, one generator. Nominal.Hydro.Aniwhenua Head 125' 1980 25000 Two Francis turbines. Nominal.Hydro.Teviot.Ellis Head 675' 1981 6800 Two pelton wheels made in 1942, originally from Waipori. 1998 7800 Upgraded generators. Nominal.Thermal.Kerikeri Fuelled by wood waste at the sawmill. 1981 70 Wood-waste fuelled boiler for a steam engine. Nominal.Hydro.Ruahihi Head 280' Canal from Lake McLaren, superceding the McLaren Falls power station. 19/9/1981 20000 Official opening by R. Muldoon. 20/9/1981@1:50pm . Canal failure! Wipeout! 1983 20000 Recommissioned. Nominal.Thermal.Huntly Four three-stage 250MW steam turbines, inlet 1000°F and 2,300psi, cooled by Waikato river water. 2004 a gas turbine. 2007 a 385MW gas & steam turbine. 12/1981 100000 First power at partial oomph. 5/1982 250000 Full power. 6/1982 100000 Partial power. Problems with resonant vibrations and the earthquake-flexible mountings. 3/1983 +100000 Second turbine starts partial use. Official opening on the 9'th April 1983 9/1983 250000 First turbine commissioned. 3/1984 750000 Third turbine commissioned, presumably the others are also fully usable. 1985 1000000 Fourth turbine commissioned. 6/2004 +50000 Gas turbine for peak usage, presumably rated 40MW (as the project was called "P40") of the base design, but various options allow uprating. 6/2007 +385000 Gas-fired gas and steam turbine, air cooled. Attains 56% thermal efficiency. Nominal.Hydro.Montalto Head 23' Part of the Rangitata river diversion, ending at Highbank. 6/1982 1100 Rises to 1800 in winter, with no irrigation offtake. Nominal.Hydro.Teviot.Michelle Head 243' 1982 1600 Francis turbine. Nominal.Hydro.Flaxy Head ~130' Upcanal of Wheao. 1982 2100 Nominal.Hydro.Rangipo Head 788' Underground power house. 5/1983 60000 First turbine. Problems with drainage, noise, ventilation... 11/1984 +60000 Second turbine, delayed delivery. 4/1996 0 Ash from eruptions at Ruapehu badly damaged the turbines 3/1997 120000 Resumption. Nominal.Hydro.Wheao Head ~400' Downcanal of Flaxy. 1983 24000 Two turbines. Destroyed by canal failure just before completion, 30'th December 1982. Nominal.Hydro.Waitaki.Ohau.B Head 157' 6/1983 55000 First turbine. Discharge to the river until Ohau C was ready. 8/1983 +55000 Guessed time of the second. 10/1983 +55000 And third. 3/1984 +55000 Last turbine in service. 10/11/2009@8:00pm 0 Cease operation for canal draining, inspection, and repair. 17/11/2009@3:20pm 220000 Resumption. Nominal.Hydro.Argyle Head 70' Branch river diversion at the junction with the Wairau river. 8/1983 4000 Nominal.Hydro.Wairau Head 135' Downcanal from Argyle. 6/1983 4000 %Official opening on 28'th April 1984. Nominal.Hydro.Patea Head 270' Earth dam, serious difficulties with leaks. 5/1984 30000 Three turbines, and not counting the 700KW auxiliary. Nominal.Hydro.Paerau Head ~425' Upcanal of Patearoa. 1984 10000 Nominal.Hydro.Patearoa Head ~120' Downcanal of Paerau. 1984 2250 Nominal.Hydro.Waitaki.Ohau.C Head 157' Same head as Ohau B. 3/1985 55000 First turbine. 6/1985 +55000 Guessed second. 8/1985 +55000 Guessed third. 12/1985 +55000 Last. 10/11/2009@8:00pm 0 Cease operation for canal draining, inspection, and repair. 17/11/2009@3:20pm 220000 Resumption. Nominal.Thermal.Pukete Sewage digester gas, plus natural gas. Electricity generation and waste-heat use. 1985 230 Waukesha VHP2900G gas engine, run on digester and natural gas. 4/2000 1840 Two generators from Te Rapa refurbished to "as new". Nominal.Geothermal.Ohaaki HP turbines transferred from Wairakei. 2/1989 50000 Generation from two units, but which two? I'll guess half power. Generation started in the second half of 1988. 7/1989 116200 Nominally, 2×11·2 HP and 2×46·9 IP turbines. Official opening in October. 1996 80000 Falling pressure becomes definite, and hope falters. 2000 50000 2005 30000 2007 60000 Additional bore holes. Nominal.Thermal.Otahuhu.B Two cycle: gas turbine, exhaust heat boiler, steam turbine. 12/1999 380000 Siemens gas turbine, steam turbine. 2005 404000 Undescribed upgrade. Vague PR blurbs do not offer definite numbers. 12/2009 0 Planned outage. 3/2010 404000 Resumption, after a two-month extension. Nominal.Thermal.TeRapa Dairy factory. 4/1991 1800 Two natural gas piston engines. 1999 44000 Gas turbine, with heat recovery for process steam. 15MW used in the factory, ~30MW to the grid. Nominal.Thermal.Rosedale Landfill gas. 1991 2760 Three Waukesha VHP7100GLD piston engines fed landfill gas of 42-55% methane, no heat recovery. Nominal.Hydro.Clutha.Clyde Head 335' Water use constraints limit production to 432MW, however all turbines have achieved 120MW, and the total has exceeded 480MW. 5/1992 120000 The turbines are actually 120MW, but water use contraints limit the total power to 432MW, thus 108MW supposedly, per turbine. 6/1992 +120000 10/1993 +120000 1/1994 480000 Nominal.Thermal.Greenmount Landfill gas. Established 1980, closed July 2005. 6/1992 5500 Six Waukesha VHP7100GLD piston engines fed landfill gas (42-55% methane). Nominal.Wind.Brooklyn Installed to propagandise and obtain data. Most data has been lost in re-organisations. 1993 225 It would be nice to have a date. 12/2010 0 Some sort of breakdown. Nominal.Thermal.Silverstream Landfill gas. 1994 2700 Three Waukesha VHP7100GLD piston engines fed landfill gas of 42-55% methane, no heat recovery. Nominal.Thermal.TeAwamutu Dairy factory co-generation. Originally coal-fired boilers, but concerted to natural gas with the co-generation plan. 1995 27000 2008 . One data series has zeroes starting 24/5/2007, another dribbles until March 2008 without stopping, and, its data supply has been cut off thanks to Ron Beatty et al. Nominal.Thermal.Bromley Sewage digester gas. 1/1996 1550 Waukesha 8LAT27GL piston engine. Nominal.Geothermal.Poihipi Originally built for the Geysers geothermal field in the U.S.A, but never run. 1996 55000 Steam supply limits constrain full power to about fourteen hours a day. Nominal.Thermal.Whareroa Co-generation for the dairy factory. 1996 20000 Two gas turbines, "Solar Mars". 1997 +49000 Added 2×10·5MW gas turbines (the generators are rated at 12·5MW, it seems) with a 28MW steam turbine. Nominal.Thermal.Edgecumbe Co-generation at the dairy factory. 1996 10000 Two turbines. Gas-fired, presumably. Steam from exhaust heat for process use, no mention of generation as well. Nominal.Wind.HauNui Wind farm, two stages. 1996 3850 Seven 550KW turbines. 12/2004 +4800 Add eight 600KW turbines for 8650KW. Odd surge, early 2005, stable July 2005, retraction in ~August 2007? Nominal.Geothermal.Rotokawa Unusually hot high-pressure steam. 9/1997 24000 16MW steam turbine, exhaust boiling isopentane for the second stage: two generators of 4-6·5MW depending on air temeperature, a third using the hot brine from the steam flasher. 12/2002 34000 A fourth for the second stage. Accountancy is unclear, and there is a lot of power needed for pumps and fans that may wrongly not be subtracted from the power sent to the outside world. Nominal.Thermal.Southdown Supplies steam for nearby industry. 1997 125000 Gas-fired steam turbine. 1/2007 175000 Expansion of plant. Guessed from the data series, with doubts. Nominal.Thermal.Kinleith Timber mill: wood waste plus natural gas. 1998 35000 Nominal.Thermal.Kapuni Kapuni gas treatment plant. A miscellany of two 10·5MW gas turbines, exhaust heats steam for a 1·5MW turbine, steam also goes to the nearby dairy factory with 3·5MW generated. 1998 26000 Miscellaneous components, unspecified timetable. Nominal.Geothermal.Ngawha Unusually high emissions of carbon dioxide. 6/1998 10000 Pentane boiled by geothermal heat from two 5MW units. Air cooled. 8/2008 +15000 Expansion. Nominal.Thermal.Stratford.B One gas and one steam turbine, both on the one shaft, air cooled. 23/2/1998 240000 Gas turbine of 240MW, exhaust heat steam turbine of 120MW, both on one shaft with the generator. 27/3/1998 360000 Big surge today, so I'll say both turbines were working. 2005 377000 Undescribed upgrade. 2008 380000 An "efficiency improvement" is talked about, but, is undescribed. Nominal.Solar.Rangiora Somewhere in the high school 4/ 2/1999 5 Annual saving of $3500 declared. Nominal.Hydro.Opuha Head 160' Overwhelmed by a flood during construction, 6'th Feb 1997. Assorted excitements follow. River flow restrictions usually limit full-power generation to bursts of a few hours at a go. 11/1999 7500 Reconstruction began in early 1998 and this time attained commissioning. 13/01/2001 0 The washout weir washed out. 4/2001 7500 I'll guess resumption. 11/2003 0 Fire destroyed the generators! Or possibly in 2005. 2004 7500 I'll guess the recovery date. 17/05/2009@6:10 0 Another washout. 8/2009 7500 Another guess. Nominal.Hydro.Kirikau Head ~130' Farmer Robert Carter. 1999 1.5 Nominal.Thermal.Redvale Landfill gas. Established August 1993. Passive gas collection with flaring began 1996, active collection November 1998; flaring converted to leachate evaporation in June 1999. 11/1999 1000 First generator in "late 1999", so I'll say November. Expected to peak at 15MW, with 25MW heat available also. 2002 3000 Three 48 litre V20 GE Jenbacher 320 piston engines. 2006 6000 I'll guess, rather than just have a lurch. 2009 9000 A mention of 9MW in 2009. 2011 11000 Three more in 2011. 2012 12000 So I'll stick with one a year. Nominal.Geothermal.Mokai Waste fluids reinjected, waste gases to the atmosphere. 12/1999 56000 A 29MW steam turbine exhausting to four 6MW air-cooled isopentane plants, a further two warmed by the hot brine from the steam separators. 4/2005 95000 Mokai II added. 2007 +17000 Modifications to the first turbine, add another ORMAT set. (More steam, less water - extraction lowers the water level) Nominal.Wind.Tararua Wind farm in multiple stages. 1999 31680 No information on the start times. 48×660KW. But 31280 is the maximum in these times. 1/3/2004 +10000 Expansion begins. 1/4/2004 +10000 1/5/2004 67980 Stage two appears complete. Add 55×660KW for 67·980MW. But 66·870MW max. 1/3/2007 +20000 Stage three commences, Add 31×3MW turbines for 93MW. 4/2007 111000 5/2007 125000 6/2007 128000 7/2007 160980 Presume completion of stage three, for 160·98MW, nominally. But 153·384 max. 14/8/2007 -20000 Appears to be a retraction. 6/2008 +20000 Appears to recover. But from May 2009, there is excess generation, possibly due to the possible inclusion of Te Rere Hau. Nominal.Hydro.Teviot.HorseshoeBend Head 280' Tunnel then pipeline to the powerhouse well downstream. 5/1999 4315 Francis turbine 600rpm, generation at 6600V. Nominal.Thermal.ComicalHill Blue Mountain Lumber. Wood waste. 2000 1400 Steam turbine, from ~10MW boiler. Nominal.Hydro.Waihi Head ~300' 1/12/2001@6:30am 5000 Apparent start. Details would be good. Nominal.Hydro.Mangapehi Head ~240' 2002 3000 Two generators. Nominal.Hydro.Falls Head 100' Irrigation dam near St. Bathans, Otago. 2003 1320 Since 1935 an irrigation storage dam. In 2003 the idea of power generation was revived via a Kaplan turbine with complex plumbing was added. Nominal.Wind.GebbiesPass Wind turbine, test installation. 6/6/2003 100 First test squirts to the national grid. 9/6/2003 200 Official opening, not yet at full capacity. 8/2003 500 Sometime around this, full power was available. 11/11/2003 0 Stopped, for noise level adjustment. 12/2003 500 Restarted sometime, since what follows is a closedown. 3/4/2004 0 After various modifications and test runs... 5/7/2004 500 On the go again. 19/10/2004 0 Minor repairs and fiddles... 1/12/2004 500 On the go again. 14/12/2004 0 Improvements to lubrication, messing with the gearbox. 1/2005 500 On again. Sometime. 10/3/2005 0 Wrenched apart by wind swirl! 5/2005 500 Back to life, sometime. Nominal.Thermal.Mokoia Gas engines fed from byproducts of the oil/gas processing station at Mokoia Road. 4/2002 1250 Two 625KW gas engines. Nominal.Wind.TeApiti Wind farm 55×1·65MW for 90·75MW. 21/7/2004 13200 First twitch in the data, for about one hour. Followed by zeroes and a calmer start on Monday 26'th. 8/2004 37300 These are monthly maxima from the supplied half-hourly data. 9/2004 63500 In the absence of a schedule of windmill conection counts. 10/2004 88400 11/2004 89096 Never again attained. 12/2004 88000 Seems to be the upper bound now. No advice on any change to operational settings. 3/2006 69400 Sudden cutback. No description of maintenance or withdrawal. 7/2006 80000 Nor of return to service. 4/2007 86000 Nor of any new operational levels. Nominal.Thermal.Horotiu Landfill gas. 11/2004 900 Waukesha VHP5904LTD piston engine fed landfill gas of 42-55% methane, no heat recovery. Nominal.Wind.Southbridge Lonely Tellus turbine. Lattice tower. 3/2005 100 Fist commissioned in Denmark, 1995. Nominal.Hydro.TotoraValley Rather local. 1/2006 2 Nominal.Thermal.Awapuni Landfill gas from a retired but still festering landfill. 4/2006 970 Deutz gas engine using ~590 cubic metres/hour, surplus gas flared. Official opening 22'nd February 2007. Nominal.Wind.TeRereHau Wind farm. 97×500KW, initially five wind turbines so 2·5MW, but only 1MW can be sent along its connection. Expansion and reconnection late 2009, but details are unclear. 29/8/2006 50 First burble. 1/9/2006 300 Fuller power tried. 12/9/2006 500 First attainment of 500KW, presumably from the first turbine. 14/9/2006 1000 Looks like a second turbine. 15/9/2006 2500 Initially five turbines, but only one MW can be sent forth. 2008 +14000 "Batch two": Twenty-eight additional turbines, revised connection arrangements, unknown details. 1/2009 +4000 "Batch three":Thirty-two turbines added in 2009, starting in January, ending in November. 5/2009 +4000 Guess. 8/2009 +4000 Guess, since they didn't all start in January or in November. 11/2009 +4000 Completed in November. 16/3/2011 +4500 "Batch four": Nine of the further thirty-two turbines declared commissioned, nine more under testing. 4/2011 +4500 I'll guess the other nine were active. Fourteen to go. 30/6/2011 +6500 Now thirty-one of the thirty-two are fully commissioned. 7/7/2011 +500 The last passed its final commissioning test. %Taking the count to the full 97 allowed in the consent. Nominal.Wind.WhiteHill Wind farm. 29×2MW for 58MW. 1/6/2007 2000 First twitch in the supplied data. 4/6/2007 4000 11/6/2007 6000 16/6/2007 8000 22/6/2007 14000 27/6/2007 16000 30/6/2007 18000 22/7/2007 22000 8/2007 44000 10/2007 55000 Appears to be the upper bound. Nominal.Thermal.Burwood Landfill gas, for the Queen Elizabeth II sports stadium: power and exhaust heat, more gas is burnt for direct heat. 22/6/2007 230 Waukesha gas engine, other gas is burnt directly to heat boilers. Nominal.Thermal.Owhiro Landfill gas. 3/ 4/2008 1065 Piston engine. Nominal.Thermal.Mangahewa.McKee The McKee "Production station" by Mangahewa. Sent forth at 11KV for 2MW from McKee (exhaust heats water for process use), 33KV for 9MW from "Mangahewa", also within the McKee Production Station fence. 4/2008 2000 Mangahewa/McKee: two piston engines modified to use the "waste" gas "as is" (with carbon dioxide, etc), exhaust heat is used to heat water for process use. 4/2009 +9600 Mangahewa: three 3·2MW piston engines adjusted to use gas as supplied by the Mangahewa 3 well. No apparent interest in exhaust heat. Nominal.Thermal.Mangahewa.Grid Two 50MW gas turbines, SSE of the McKee "production station". 17/9/2012 50000 Two 50MW gas turbines, under construction and supposed to be ready for winter. Which winter? 10/2012 +50000 Generation data first arrived for September. I'll guess the second turbine will manifest in the previously-claimed Octoberish. Nominal.Hydro.Mangaio Head ~165' 5/2008 2000 Expected start date. Nominal.Hydro.DeepStream Head 460' and 435' at two power stations with long canals. 5/2008 3100 Francis turbines, with generators from the Lake Coleridge station. 5/2008 +2850 The generator may be 3·1MW, but the turbine isn't, and the turbine manufacturer should know. See http://www.hydroworks.co.nz/download/Deep_Stream_A.pdf Nominal.Thermal.Whitford Landfill gas. Established 1953, modern style since July 1994. Supplies the 11KV network. 2/2002 2000 Two piston engines. 2003 3000 A third engine Nominal.Thermal.Tirohia Landfill gas, expansion expected. 9/2008 2000 Waukesha APG1000 48 litre V16 1,500RPM, ~42% efficient. A month of testing, commissioned ~22/10/2008. Nominal.Wind.Seaview Demonstration installation, "Proven" wind turbine, no gearbox. Three-blade, tower mounted. 8/ 8/2008 6 Made in Scotland. Nominal.Solar.Auckland.Airport Auckland Airport Pier B expansion. 10/2008 50.75 From the declared 300 square metres. Opened in October. Nominal.Wind.Makara Makara wind farm ("West Wind") 62×2·3 = 142·6MW, but peaking at 134·4 so far. 7/3/2009@1pm 2300 First turbine starts generating. 17/3/2009 +2300 A second. 18/3/2009 +2300 A third? 21/3/2009 +2300 A fourth? 25/3/2009 +2300 A fifth. 26/3/2009 +2300 9/4/2009 23000 Around ten. 26/4/2009 32200 Around 14. 29/4/2009 34500 Official opening, with fifteen turbines. 11/5/2009 46000 Around 20. 1/6/2009 60000 1/7/2009 80000 15/7/2009 90000 20/8/2009 100000 1/9/2009 110000 1/10/2009 142600 Full nominal rating, but 134400 is the maximum seen so far. 2010 -4600 Vague talk that at any time, two turbines are u/s. Nominal.Solar.ManaIsland Department of Conservation Building, Mana Island. 5/2009 2.9 Nominal.Thermal.HamptonDowns Landfill gas. Established July 2005. 3/2009 2000 Two Waukesha APG1000 piston engines. 4/2010 +2000 Two more. Nominal.Hydro.Matawai Head 512' Weir then pipeline. No storage. 1/ 8/2009 2000 Two pelton wheels. Nominal.Wind.HorseshoeBend Wind farm. 3×750KW = 2·25MW 26/10/2009 750 First turbine. 29/10/2009 +750 Second. 1/2010 +750 Third ("mid January") Three turbines, originally installed in Germany, sold to Japan, then on to N.Z.. Nominal.Wind.ChathamIsland Wind farm. 2×225KW = 450KW, supplements diesel of ~400KW capacity. 6/2010 450 Two turbines. Nominal.Solar.Mangere Hubbard Foods factory. 7/2010 29 Thin-film PV in 160 panels comprising 227·5 square metres. Nominal.Geothermal.Rotokawa2 Second development. (Nga Awa Purua) 18/1/2010 132000 Nominal.Wind.WeldCone Wind farm. 3×250KW = 750KW 8/2/2010 750 Three second-hand turbines. Nominal.Geothermal.Tauhara.TeHuka Initially named Centennial Drive. 4/2010 23400 Steam and organic vapour low-temperature, air cooled. Nominal.Hydro.Cleardale Unknown head, somewhere on the Little River. A steep mountainside. Most water is for irrigation. 23/12/2010 900 Nominal.Hydro.TallaBurn Head ~720' 10/11/2010 2000 Another long water race across the Otago hills. Nominal.Wind.TeUku Wind farm. 28×2·3 = 64·4MW. 17/11/2010 2300 Reported that the first turbine began generation. 2/2011 46000 Reported 20 commissioned. 10/ 3/2011 64400 Reported completion. Nominal.Thermal.Stratford.C Gas turbines. 25/11/2010 100000 First turbine. LMS100 "quick start". 1/2011 +100000 Possibly the activation of the second. Nominal.Wind.Lulworth Wind farm. 4×250KW = 1MW. Ex-Denmark. 1/2011 1000 Four 250KW Micon 350 wind turbines. Nominal.Thermal.BreamBay Five 1·8MW diesels. 7/2011 9000 A date would be good. Nominal.Wind.Mahinerangi Wind farm. 12×3 = 36MW. Further turbines are allowed. 18/2/2011@3pm 6000 Turbines 7 and 9 generating. 1/3/2011 +6000 Turbines 12, 11, 10, 8 start generating on Tuesday-Wednesday. 2/3/2011 +6000 So the other two on Wednesday? 10/3/2011 +6000 Turbines 6 & 4. (No mention of 5) 18/3/2011 +6000 Turbines 3 & 2. 19/3/2011 +3000 Turbine 1. 1/4/2011 36000 Fully commissioned in March sometime. Nominal.Solar.Drury South Auckland Forgings Engineering (SAFE or S.A.F.E.) 2/2011 10 First connection. 1/4/2011 62.40 Two rows of solar panels, 68KW nominally, supplying six 10KW three-phase inverters. Nominal.Hydro.SpeediesRoad Head 130' Riverside intake: no storage. Also known as Speedy's Road. 14/ 6/2011 2000 Twin Francis turbines, one generator. Nominal.Wind.MountStuart Wind farm. 9×850KW = 7·65MW. Gamesa turbines from Spain. 11/2011 4250 Five turbines spinning, according to a Waitahuna schoolkid. 1/12/2011 7650 "Turbine commissioning was completed by the start of December." Some fancy "official opening" in June. Nominal.Solar.Lyttelton Lyttleton Main School. 5/2012 9 Two rows of 42 panels, though I see only two rows of 14 panels in the photo... Ah, another row appears on another roof. Nominal.Geothermal.Ngatamariki Somewhere mear the hot springs west of Ohaaki, 38°32'S 176°10'E? 22/ 3/2013@4:30pm 2000 Another ORMAT assembly: first burp measured. 26/ 3/2013 15000 Somewhat stronger. 2013 82000 Full expectation. Sometime soonish? Nominal.Geothermal.Wairakei.TeMihi Additional bores (there are always new bores), but also a part-replacement for the Wairakei station. 2013 166000 Two 83MW steam turbines. %Nominal.Wind.Ohariu Ohariu wind farm ("Mill Creek") 26×2·3 = 59·8MW. Siemens. Proposed 31 turbines. % 2014 59800 Expected commissioning in November or December.